English Contract Law situational question Essay

English Contract Law situational question - Essay Example Lastly, this paper will establish whether is a liability on the part of A.com owed to University of Warwick on promissory estoppels. According to the agreement the contract was to be performed by 1 September, 2013. However, A.com created a software that served only five functions but could not manage to create task V. Through the concept promissory estoppels a non-contractual promise that lacks consideration can be rendered executable to prevent an injustice2. The University made an ultimatum of four weeks for the remaining task to be accomplished failure to which the contract would be terminated but A.com wanted more time. A.com had a duty to make sure that the software was complete in four weeks through the non-contractual promise made by the institution that the contract will be terminated if the software is not delivered. Therefore, the University has a right to claim to claim for expense wastage in hiring A.com to develop the software because the company spent 1.5 Million pounds to buy an alternative software after the system that was created backfired. This decision can be similar to the case in CCC Films ( London) Ltd v Impact Quadrant Films Ltd3 the judge allowed the petitioner to abandon its petition for loss of profits at the last phase of the trial and to replace the petition for a claim for expenditure wasted. The interpretation of the judge was that the case as allowing the defendant to provide proof, the burden rested on the case. It was reasoned that part of the expenses would have been consumed in any occurrence since the bargain was often going to be a loss event. The loss in this case was the cost incurred by the University to buy the alternate software and the cost incurred in the compensation of the students for exposure of their confidential information. Besides in this scenario, A.com has a burden to prove that their contract was terminated prematurely and hence amounted to wrongful termination. In spite of

The election of Federico Peña Essay Example for Free

The election of Federico Peà ±a Essay Both the election of Federico Peà ±a as Denver City Mayor in 1983 and the campaign of Victor Morales for US Senate in 1996 were considered as historic firsts: Peà ±a was among the first Hispanics to be elected as mayor of a major US city; while it was also the first time that the senatorial candidate of a major political party in Texas was of Hispanic origin, in the case of Morales. Apparently, these two cases have given renewed interest on the study of participation of minorities in a pluralist democracy, such as in this case, the Hispanics in the US electoral exercises. Not only that Hispanics seldom ran for elected office, it was also the general observation that they were less politically active and were also reluctant to exercise their rights to vote as seen in the pattern of low voter turnouts across the US.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the case of Peà ±a was historic not only because it was the first time that Denver had a Mexican American mayor, but also because of the record turnout in 1983. Peà ±a, as well as Morales, actively attempted to increase minority, particularly Hispanic voter turnout. To his credit, the high turnout which favored Peà ±a’s campaign did not consist solely of Mexican Americans, because he was able to build a liberal coalition of minorities which did not only include the ethnic and racial minorities but also cut across different socio-economic classes and interest groups. Morales, on the other hand relied heavily on the large Hispanic population in Texas. Even if the Morales campaign was able to encourage Hispanics to register – also at a record-high – only 45.4% of the registered Hispanic voters actually voted. Morales’ failure to lure more Hispanics to vote, compounded by his lack of appeal to the Anglo voters due to his disparaging racial remarks, resulted in his loss, albeit with a slim margin, to the incumbent re-electionist senator. On his part, Peà ±a was able to avoid a campaign divided on racial lines because his being active in Mexican American civic organizations and his stint as a legislator helped him project support to minority concerns without necessarily delving on racial issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As such, experience had increased the quality of Peà ±a as a candidate, in contrast to Morales. Peà ±a is a lawyer and was a member of the state House of Representatives before he ran for the mayoralty race; while Morales, who is a public school teacher, only had his formal political experience when he became city councilman and a Democratic Party precinct chairman. Political experience had also tremendous impact on their organizational and coalition-building skills. Although they both operated their campaigns on relatively limited funds, Peà ±a in 1983, was able to use his strong ties with the labor sector, neighborhood organizations, environmentalists, young professionals and other sectors, and was able to come-up with a dynamic, well-organized campaign supported by endorsements of important societal groups, his clear positions on issues, and a large number of able volunteers. Wide knowledge on different issues also worked to Peà ±a’s advantage; while the lack of it had been a discredit to Morales, especially as it was also one of the reasons why he was not able to establish sustainable rapport with the free media. Moreover, Morales had not been a member of any local Mexican American organization which could have provided him with the necessary grassroots or volunteer support and fund-raising skills. Morales even shunned the Hispanic political elites when he missed a meeting of state Hispanic elected officials a very influential group who could have given him all-out support only because he is Hispanic. Morales also had poor organizational skills as his campaign was described to be supported by inexperienced and underfinanced staff that could not even return calls or answer simple questions about their candidate’s campaign, mainly due to insistence of Morales to decide on almost every matter. The lack of funds had also wasted a lot of campaign time for Morales who insisted on traveling in his truck instead of by plane to his campaign appearances in different locations in Texas. This and his reliance on volunteers, made him resort to the inexpensive but time- and energy-consuming â€Å"block walking† in his campaigns. The ordeal of walking or traveling on truck around a large US State, however, was not present in Peà ±a’s bid for city mayor; although like Morales, Peà ±a also preferred open and face-to-face interaction, as in the latter’s â€Å"town meetings†, which he often held when he was elected as mayor of Denver City. Morales’ difficulty in funding could also be attributed to his fund-raising principles. For one, he did not accept contributions from business political action committees or entities associated with the tobacco companies. He also believed that his amazing win in the Democratic primaries, wherein he spent only $15,000, would carry him through the state elections. He also probably expected the Democratic Party to fund his campaign, which in turn, did not support him because it did not believe that he stood a chance against the incumbent Senator who had been in the position for 12 years and was supported by a campaign machinery that was at least six times bigger than his. Morales should have accepted the importance of money in a state-wide campaign and realized that he could not run a city campaign headquarters with just $200 (his monthly budget allocation for his Houston office). Lastly, even if the Democratic Party did not support Morales’ campaign financially, his nomination helped him obtain the Democratic votes, which contributed to his close bid in the senatorial race, despite the apparent Republican character of the Texas state at that time. Denver’s mayoralty race in 1983, was however, nonpartisan because Peà ±a’s strong contenders were also democrats, His party membership only mattered in 1987 when he ran for re-election against a Republican candidate, to which he almost lost because many of his constituents were already disappointed for his failure to make Denver a â€Å"great city† after his first term, and because Peà ±a could not focus on specific minority concerns since he was constrained to form effective governing coalitions. Ironically, Morales’ campaign became a legacy not only because of his unquestioned status as an outsider in the political game, but also because he was overcame only by a slight majority even if he had to battle all the odds during his unusual campaign.

Theodore Geisels Emergence as Dr. Seuss Essay example -- Literature C

Theodore Geisel's Emergence as Dr. Seuss The appellation , "Dr. Seuss," has become a name that often evokes fond memories of a cherished childhood. Entrenched in monotony of gray day when, "The sun did not shine./ It was too wet to play," we only had to look at the grinning face of Dr. Seuss's famous cat to remind us that there was more to do than wait as time slipped away. There was something appealing in the simple anapestic tetrameter rhythm, coupled with nonsensical words and illustrations of outlandish creatures that seemed to call out to the vibrant, dynamic imagination of a child. Through over forty-two books Dr. Seuss has been able to encourage children to seek delight in reading and has opened the minds of successive generations. He designed books that inspire children to learn through entertainment, by providing according to Steven Brezzo, Director of the San Diego Museum of Art, "a fantastic refuge of wacky characters, convoluted logic, and silly vocabulary." The accomplishments of Dr. Seuss are far-ranging: not only did he resurrect the pleasure of reading for children, and inspire them to think creatively, but he taught many a moral lesson to us during what researchers have discovered are our most formative years. We have learned tolerance and consideration, individuality and compromise, and even morality concerning the ideology of nuclear armament(The Butter Battle Book, 1984) and materialistic society's effect upon the natural world(The Lorax, 1971). These lessons were often taught subtly, subconsciously embracing our young psyche, for as children Dr. Seuss was primarily a wonderful synonym for fanciful adventures that showed us a life we could create beyond reality, where having fun was paramount. For many ... ...in his wife. All the children of the world were his, for he was a child and in that a friend. I would argue that with his death in 1991, rather than being gone forever, Dr. Seuss is here forever...in the minds and hearts of those who already love him and those who are picking him up for the first time, in over twenty languages and in homes throughout the world. Theodore Geisel is truly is a creative genius who will continue to guide the minds of those who have opened up to him and in this way Dr. Seuss will live on. Bibliography Kanfer, Stefan. "The Doctor Beloved by All, Theodore Seuss Geisel: 1904-1991". Time Magazine, October 7, 1991. MacDonald, Ruth K. Dr. Seuss. Boston: Twayne Publishers., 1988. Morgan, Judith and Neil. Dr. Seuss and Mr. Geisel. New York: Random House, 1995. Stofflet, Mary. Dr Seuss from Then to Now. New York: Random House, 1986

F.I.T.T for Life

The F. I. T. T Principle: Frequency: The frequency of exercising must allow the body to adapt but rest and repair at the same time. For Cardio Repertory the recommended frequency is three times minimally a week and five to six times a week at most. Intensity: The intensity principle defines how much effort should be in one training session or in the training program. To make this principle effective there should be enough effort to overload the body to allow it to adapt but not as much as to over-train the body.Type: The Type of exercise you do depends on the outcomes you would like to achieve from you r program. There are 6 different types of training. These include fartlek, interval, continuous, circuit, weight and cross. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Time: Time outlines the amount of time spent on each session of training within your program. Time is based on the type of exercise and the intensity. Delete text and place photo here. Year 9 Year 9 Personal Health An d Development Assignment Part A: Research Task Play For Life * Recovery time improves Results appear in a shorter time period * Disadvantages * Strenuous on your body and easy to over train * Knee or leg problems can cause difficulty speeding up between intervals. Continuous: Continuous training improves aerobic fitness and is recommended for people who have not trained for a long time. It is moderate exercise lasting for at least 15-20 minutes without rest. AN overload is achieved by increasing intensity, time and speed. * Advantages * Improves aerobic fitness * Cheap * Can be done Individually or in a group * Range of activities can be used Easy to apply F. I. T. T principle PDHPE Year 9 Delete text and place photo here. Delete text and place photo here. Interval Training Fartlek Training Fartlek: The word ‘Fartlek’ come from the Swedish definition of speed play. It combines low and high intensity and many changes in speed and terrain. * Advantages * Improves speed an d endurance * Can be done over a variety of terrain * Can include hill work and reps * Programs can be flexible * Suits game players * Disadvantages * If you are not trained can create problems such as cramps * Lack of motivation to do your best Can be too easy to skip the hard bits * Difficult to see how hard someone is training Interval: Interval training consists of periods of hard work followed by periods of rest. It improves mainly speed and is done at high intensity at a fast pace. * Advantages * Fitness and performance improves quickly Part A: Research Task Circuit, Weight and Continuous Cross training contains a number of different training methods. It is used for most sports. * Advantages * Allows for a variety of training * Makes training more interesting Training can be adapted to suit the weather * Disadvantages * Spending time on different types of exercises can distract you from the more important ones * There will be more exercises you might want and need to do. * Dis advantages * Doesn’t improve anaerobic fitness so isn’t ideal for team games which require short bursts of speed * Can be Boring Circuit: Circuit training contains 6-10 training sessions at which a particular activity is performed * Advantages * Not much equipment is needed * Fitness and skills * Can be done at home or at the gym Disadvantages * Your program may include equipment you don’t have * Takes time to set up circuit Weight: Weight training is used to increase muscular strength, endurance and speed. It improves bulk and can help you recover after an injury * Advantages * Is easy to monitor improvement and overload * Can use a variety of exercises to work on certain muscular groups * Disadvantages * Muscles can be sore after workout * Can be painful to do Re. PDHPE Year 9 Delete text and place photo here. Cross Training Cross Training PDHPE YEAR 9 Michaela Franz

Amazon Swot Analysis

The company’s positioning and business model * Amazon is the first mover of virtual retail supercenter selling products which started off from selling only books online and also offer the lowest possible prices to its customers. * Thus, Amazon is likely to be seen as a ‘broad differentiator’ who is in the middle of differentiate and cost leaders approaches. * However, it can be seen as more leaning to differentiators as most of its past and current strategies are focusing more on innovation of services to its customers.For example, Amazon Fresh for grocery, 1-Click Checkout system, cloud computing and storage etc. * Amazon apply the second approach for market segmentation; it recognize the different customer groups and offers as various products as possible to the customers to attracts more sales and gain more market shares. Successful strategies * First mover of IT retailer shop, popular feature on website such as product reviews, rating * 1-Click system, Mix pur chase, The Amazon Associate program * Growing to sell music CDs, then electronics products and so on. Avoid distribution and stocking cost strategy: Free shipping deal/promotion, cooperate with B&M companies so buyers can pick up product at B&M stores. * Online services for small to medium business, sell its SOA software services * Zshops for used products, and Amazon Web Service These strategies allowed Amazon to obtain its competitive advantage over its rivals, as it’s a unique and utilize the existing distribution channel and IT services advantages Failure strategies Online auction; lost to eBay and the market trend ( fixed-price market booming) * Unbox, Search engine market (track its customer across WWW) * Amazon Prime and Kindle book reader; lost to Google free online data storage and iPad These failure strategies result in declining in stock prices and investing funds, which can be huge in some of the project ie. Kindle, It can be seen as inefficient move which can be avoid if Amazon had done more planning and market research beforehand.Recommendations * Amazon should focus more on cost controlling strategy because the persistent issue for Amazon is high value chain cost, such as IT infrastructure cost, innovation investing, and operating cost. * Amazon can also put more effort on proper market research or planning strategy for shareholder interests, as the CEO seem to be having fun to innovate new services and learning from the market responses, either good or bad, he seem to be okay with both as a learning experience.

Personal Customs Exemptions for Returning Canadians

Personal Customs Exemptions for Returning Canadians If you are a Canadian resident or temporary resident of Canada returning to Canada from a trip outside the country, or a former Canadian resident returning to live in Canada, you may qualify for a personal exemption to bring a certain value of goods into Canada without having to pay the regular duties. You will still have to pay duties, taxes and any provincial/territory assessments on the value of goods above your personal exemption. Children, even babies, are entitled to a personal exemption. A parent or guardian can make a declaration on the childs behalf as long as the goods being declared are for the childs use. The amount you claim for your personal exemption must be reported in Canadian dollars. Use a foreign exchange converter to change foreign currencies into Canadian dollars. The personal exemption for returning Canadian residents depends on the length of time you have been outside of Canada. The personal exemptions for Canadian residents have been increased effective June 1, 2012. The new exemption limits go up to CAN$200 from CAN$50 for absences of 24 hours or longer, and up to CAN$800 if youre out of the country longer than 48 hours. After a 7-day absence, you are allowed to include goods that will follow you by mail or another delivery method. Outside Canada for Less Than 24 Hours No exemption. Outside Canada for 24 Hours or More If you are outside Canada for 24 hours or more, you may claim a personal exemption of up to CAN$200 worth of goodsthe goods must accompany youtobacco or alcohol may  not be claimed in this exemption Note: If you bring in goods worth more than CAN$200 in total, you cannot claim this exemption. Instead, you have to pay full duties on all the goods you bring in. Outside Canada for 48 Hours or More If you are outside Canada for 48 hours or more, you may claim a personal exemption of up to CAN$800 worth of goodsthe goods must accompany youyou can include some tobacco products and alcohol, but only a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products or manufactured tobacco. Outside Canada for 7 Days or More To calculate the number of days you have been outside Canada for the purposes of this personal exemption, do not include the day you left Canada but do include the day you returned. If you are outside Canada for 7 days or more, you may claim a personal exemption of up to CAN$800 worth of goodsyou can include some tobacco products and alcohol, but only a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products or manufactured tobacco.alcohol and tobacco products must accompany youother goods do not need to accompany you when you cross the border.

Regionalization and Capital Movement

Regionalization and Capital Movement Regionalization and Capital MovementIt is a well-known fact and dominant theory that development, defined as a process of improvements in a population's standards of living with associated structural or institutional change, requires access to and the accumulation of capital. Of course, capital, as wealth begetting wealth, or the sum total of society's productive resources, takes diverse forms: financial, physical, natural, human, and social. At issue in the development process is the accumulated stock of capital in these diverse forms, as well as their cross-national flows-international resource flows, if you will. As for money or financial capital, the most mobile form of capital, the international transfer process (the flow of capital) occurs in the form of bank capital (loans or debt financing), portfolio investments, and foreign direct investment. These transfers make up what can be termed private capital flows. Then there are also official capital flows via the operations of bi lateral and multilateral aid or donor agencies.English: Graphics depicting foreign direct investm...The following table records in statistical form the volume of private and official capital flows from the North to the South. Of course, capital flows in other directions as well, and the table does not record the corresponding outflows of capital in the form of debt payments, royalty charges, repatriated profit, and corporate dividends. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's World Development Report 2003, the combined South-North outflows of capital might well exceed the inflow.The international flow of capital is generally viewed as a catalyst and necessary condition of development. Foreign direct investment, a type of capital that is associated with the multinational corporation, is generally regarded as the "backbone of development finance." Portfolio investment, another form of private capital flow, tends to be more short-term and is much more volat ile in its international operation and movements-so much so that...

Definition of Work in Physics

Definition of Work in Physics In  physics, work is defined as a  force  causing the movement- or displacement- of an object. In the case of a constant force, work is the scalar product of the force acting on an object and the displacement caused by that force. Though both force and displacement are vector quantities, work has no direction due to the nature of a scalar product (or dot product) in vector mathematics. This definition is consistent with the proper definition because a constant force integrates to merely the product of the force and distance. Read on to learn some real-life examples of work as well as how to calculate the amount of work being performed. Examples of Work There are many examples of work in everyday life.  The Physics Classroom  notes a few: a horse pulling a plow through the field; a father pushing a grocery cart down the aisle of a grocery store; a student lifting a backpack full of books upon her shoulder; a weightlifter lifting a barbell above his head; and an Olympian launching the shot-put. In general, for work to occur, a  force has to be exerted on an object causing it to move. So, a frustrated person pushing against a wall, only to exhaust himself, is not doing any work because the wall does not move. But, a book falling off a table and hitting the ground would be considered work, at least in terms of physics, because a force (gravity) acts on the book causing it to be displaced in a downward direction. Whats Not Work Interestingly, a waiter carrying a tray high above his head, supported by one arm, as he walks at a steady pace across a room, might think hes working hard. (He might even be perspiring.) But, by definition, he is not doing  any  work. True, the waiter is using force to push the tray above his head, and also true, the tray is moving across the room as the waiter walks. But, the force- the waiters lifting of the tray- does not cause the tray to move. To cause a displacement, there must be a component of force in the direction of the displacement, notes The Physics Classroom. Calculating Work The basic calculation of work is actually quite simple: W Fd Here, W stands for work, F is the force, and d represents displacement (or the distance the object travels).  Physics for Kids  gives this example problem: A baseball player throws a ball with a force of 10 Newtons. The ball travels 20 meters. What is the total work? To solve it, you first need to know that a Newton is  defined as the force necessary to provide a mass of 1  kilogram (2.2 pounds)  with an acceleration of 1  meter (1.1 yards) per second. A Newton  is generally abbreviated as N. So, use the formula: W Fd Thus: W 10 N * 20 meters (where the symbol * represents times) So: Work 200 joules A  joule,  a term used in physics, is equal to the  kinetic energy  of 1 kilogram moving  at 1 meter per second.

When Is It Important For Innovators To Protect Their Intellectual Essay

When Is It Important For Innovators To Protect Their Intellectual Property - Essay Example Any innovation or improvement calls for investment in terms of time, funds and labour. Protection of this property is necessary to ensure recognition of work and encourage economic, cultural and social progress. Protection for intellectual property leads to a healthy competition and enhances value and quality of products, thereby promoting economic growth by means of technological development and enriched cultural advancement. It opens fresh trade avenues and enhance standard of living. The governments have to act and ensure implementation of intellectual property system to sustain businesses in a theft free environment to enable steady growth (Sebban, Guy 2005). Intellectual property is the name given to any new product or design or process and creative work of art or literature. Any invention or innovation involves dedicated effort on the part of an inventor who spends long hours in research and development. In addition, a significant amount of expenditure is also incurred towards development of new and innovative products or designs. If not protected and free copying is allowed, the inventor or innovator would soon get de-motivated, bringing stagnation to further development. Thus, protection of intellectual property assumes paramount importance. Intellectual property protection is essential to all businesses to exploit their new ideas and articles in the market and prevent piracy and theft by others. All art works also need to be credited for their creativity to enhance cultural growth (Sebban, Guy 2005). The protection methods can be broadly classified as 'formal or institutional' and 'strategic'. Formal protection methods include patent, trade secret, trade mark, and copyright, while strategic methods cover agreements of confidentiality, secrecy, lead and complexity (Iandiorio, Joseph S 1995). In the subsequent paragraphs, we would discuss, in detail, two formal methods, namely, patent and copyright, and one strategic method, namely, confidentiality agreement, bringing out differences, merits and demerits of each. Patent A 'patent' is a grant from a country's government that provides security or protection to a new invention or innovation by an individual or a group (in case of a company) for a limited period of time, extending up to a maximum of 20 years (Richer, David L 2000). The grant gives the inventor, the right to exclude others from making, using or selling the invention covered under the patent (Berreth SP 1996). The patents can be divided as 'utility' or 'design' patents. Utility patents are granted to primarily protect an invention. The invention refers to any of the following (Iandiorio, Joseph S 1995):- A new process, machine and composition of matter or A new improvement in a process or machine or New and useful utilization of old machines or devices or New combination of old and well-known parts of machines or processes. Utility patents may further be classified as chemical (related to compounds), electrical (covering all electrical components and circuits), and general or mechanical (including gears, shafts, and propellers etc for motor engines and machines). Award of utility patents require implementation of a new and useful idea followed by presentation in some physical form. Design patents are also awarded to new ideas, however, these cover only appearance, that is, ornamental aspect of

Muslim Empire In Spain ( Alandalus ) Research Paper

Muslim Empire In Spain ( Alandalus ) - Research Paper Example HISTORY In 711 AD, the Christian chief Julian went and appealed to the governor of North Africa Musa ibn Nusair for his assistance against the tyrannical rule of Roderick in Spain. The Moorish Umayyad army consisting of 7000 troops from North Africa under their Commander Tariq bin Ziyad crossed the state of Gibraltar and gained control over much parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Roderick was killed in the battle and his Visigoth army was defeated. It was the start of an eight year Islamic rule in that region. From the 8th- 15th centuries, various parts of the Iberian Peninsula majorly Southern Spain, Portugal and France were ruled by the Muslims; which were mostly Arab or Berber. PERIOD The Muslim empire in Spain was not under a single reign instead it was a series of different successions made by various Muslim rulers. From 711- 716, the military troops under their leader Tariq ibn Ziyad conquered the region. In 756, the Umayyad prince Abd ar Rahman.I establishes the Emirate of Cordoba. It was a blooming time of the Umayyad dynasty as well as for the Arab culture (BBC, 2009). Later Abd ar Rahman.III took over. The reign of Umayyad dynasty in Spain lasted from 756- 929. Civil wars in 1009 and 1013 totally collapsed the Emirate of Cordoba. As result of this various small states came into being. These states known as the â€Å" Taifas† were divided amongst Arabs, Berbs and Iberian Muslims. As they were weak in military power and thus asked the help of the North African warriors to help fight the Christian kings. From 1080- 1250 Almoravids and then Alhomads ruled. DECLINE In 1212, the Christian states united against the Alhomads . And till 1252 nearly all the Iberian Peninsula came under the three Christian states of Portugal, Aragon, and Castile. The reason of decline of the Muslim empire in Spain was not because the Christians were strong, but it was because the Muslim rulers were cutting each other’s throat and hence was becoming weaker. By the mid thirteenth century the Muslim rule in Spain was limited to a thin mountainous strip of land in the south. In 1230-40 Muhammed ibn Yusuf ibn Nasr founded a state centered around the city of Granada. Granada had a weak economy and had to face internal conflicts as well.Also the Muslims in North Africa at that time, went into decline and could no longer provide Granada their support (Islam & Islamic History, 2001). The Christian States of Castile, Aragon and Portugal united and grew stronger. In 1474, war started and one city after another came to the Christian artillery. In 1492, after an eight-month siege, Granada also became a part of Christian artillery. The Muslims in Spain finally lost all their in 1492.And by 1502, after 800 years the Christians gained power again and issued orders involving Muslims to convert to Christianity, otherwise imposing brutal limitations. The Muslim empire in Spain made various contributions in many fields. During Abd ar Rahman III reign, books from Baghdad (as it was the centre for research back then) were brought to this land. Libraries, hospi tals, Research centers and centre of Islamic studies were established. Scholars, historians, poets and researchers were invited to the region to make their contributions in their respective fields. ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCIENCE Science is a very vast field. The Muslim scientists and scholars contributed a

What are the pronciples that need to underpin the planning and Essay

What are the pronciples that need to underpin the planning and devlivery of Collective worship in a Catholic School - Essay Example But recently these concepts had been redefined under the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), which provided the legal framework behind the collective worship principle in schools in Great Britain today. This law is responsible for most of the reforms that took place in British schools in the past decades. In the context of collective worship, the ERA sought to modify the 1944 statute by mandating that collective worship is a â€Å"broadly Christian character if it reflects the broad traditions of Christian belief without being distinctive of any particular Christian denomination.† (Edge 2002, p. 305) According to the DFE religious education in schools should seek: to develop pupil’s knowledge, understanding and awareness of Christianity, as the predominant religion in Great Britain, and the other principal religions represented in the country; to encourage respect for those holding different beliefs; and to help pupils’ spiritual, moral, social and cultural developm ent. (cited in Wright and Brandom 2000, p. 15) And collective worship is an integral part of this initiative as it is believed that it will be able to achieve for students an understanding of how to live in the modern society. In addition, collective worship is seen as a tool that is available to teachers to complement educational purposes. Wright and Brandom summed up six key aims of collective worship in school: The first is a moral one because collective worship analyses contemporary issues affecting young people and presents varying responses to them; the second seeks to help students identify and think about themselves, of the mysterious universe in which their lives are set and of the strangeness of modern living; the third is about helping student develop their values further; the fourth focuses and celebrates the shared values manifested by respective school communities; the fifth pertains to the encouragement of community spirit, interaction and relationship

Stalin's Effects on Society and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stalin's Effects on Society and Politics - Essay Example Further, by forging a communist bloc from Asia to Europe, Stalin helped to form the basic framework of international politics in the second half of the twentieth century (Kopstein & Lichbach: 212-213). The Soviet dictator Josef Stalin was a convinced communist as well as a staunch supporter of Lenin’s ideas about party organization. He was able to gain unprecedented political power, rising to the highest position in the Leninist party based on his better institutional supports, organizational skills, ideological concepts, his implacable loyalty to the party as well as faith in its eventual triumph. Stalin did his best to enforce Leninist principles of â€Å"democratic centralism†, of strict party discipline and control over a hostile society (Kopstein & Lichbach: 214). Several issues confronted Marxists in the Soviet Union, following their revolutionary victory, such as, how to build â€Å"socialism† in a predominantly peasant country without the support of proletarian revolutions in more advanced capitalist countries. The policies that were formulated and implemented by Stalin, ultimately destroyed millions of people and left a heavy burden of economic conditions as a legacy for post-Soviet Russia. Yet, Stalinism was the most consistent ideological position that could successfully be adopted after Lenin’s death, as compared to the three opposing positions adopted by Stalin’s opponents belonging to the Left, the Right and the Orthodox Center. The Left was headed by the famous revolutionary Leon Trotsky who incited Soviet workers to redouble their efforts to rapidly build a strong industrial infrastructure, and argued that the Bolsheviks should stive to foment revolutions throughout western Europe. However, Trotsky’s pow er and influence declined rapidly by 1924, with party members and ordinary workers tiring of revolutionary appeals after three years of world war, a year of revolution and three years of

Unit 8 Asignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 8 Asignment - Essay Example Key players involved in investigating a disease outbreak includes local, state or federal agencies depending on the extent of disease spread and type of disease. Most diseases start at the local level and hence it is the primary duty of local agencies to initiate response. In case the diseases spread across states and nations, state agencies also gets involved in the response. Help from federal agencies such as CDC is sought when the diseases spread is huge or the disease is unusual. The basic step to initiating a disease response is joint collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). These agencies investigate the reasons behind a diseases outbreak, initiate steps to control and subsequently prevent it. This is done by food tests and inspection of food products and service quality at restaurants. Epidemiologist, Microbiologists, Environmental health specialists and regulatory compliance officers and inspectors make up a basic investigating team. Another important stakeholder is the Food industry. I personally feel that the food industry needs to comply strictly with food regulations s to prevent contamination of the food and subsequent outbreaks. Today food is not restricted to one place only, we engage in import and export of several food items which also raises concern in case such items are contaminated. In case of a diseases outbreak it become hard to pin point the cause and hence a series of steps is adopted to investigate the problem. After detection of the outbreak a cause is determines. A hypothesis is made after interviews are conducted with those involved in or witness to the outbreak. Laboratory tests are carried out and in case nothing is found the hypothesis is changes. However in case the findings are positive, point of contamination is investigated and a food is recalled. After recalling, if the disease is in control it is declared safe else the hypothesis is

Stalin's Effects on Society and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stalin's Effects on Society and Politics - Essay Example Further, by forging a communist bloc from Asia to Europe, Stalin helped to form the basic framework of international politics in the second half of the twentieth century (Kopstein & Lichbach: 212-213). The Soviet dictator Josef Stalin was a convinced communist as well as a staunch supporter of Lenin’s ideas about party organization. He was able to gain unprecedented political power, rising to the highest position in the Leninist party based on his better institutional supports, organizational skills, ideological concepts, his implacable loyalty to the party as well as faith in its eventual triumph. Stalin did his best to enforce Leninist principles of â€Å"democratic centralism†, of strict party discipline and control over a hostile society (Kopstein & Lichbach: 214). Several issues confronted Marxists in the Soviet Union, following their revolutionary victory, such as, how to build â€Å"socialism† in a predominantly peasant country without the support of proletarian revolutions in more advanced capitalist countries. The policies that were formulated and implemented by Stalin, ultimately destroyed millions of people and left a heavy burden of economic conditions as a legacy for post-Soviet Russia. Yet, Stalinism was the most consistent ideological position that could successfully be adopted after Lenin’s death, as compared to the three opposing positions adopted by Stalin’s opponents belonging to the Left, the Right and the Orthodox Center. The Left was headed by the famous revolutionary Leon Trotsky who incited Soviet workers to redouble their efforts to rapidly build a strong industrial infrastructure, and argued that the Bolsheviks should stive to foment revolutions throughout western Europe. However, Trotsky’s pow er and influence declined rapidly by 1924, with party members and ordinary workers tiring of revolutionary appeals after three years of world war, a year of revolution and three years of

Business Execution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Execution - Essay Example Thus, execution is a key to organizational success. Without a careful, planned approach to execution, strategic goals cannot be attained. I believe that business execution is one of the cornerstones of a business organization's success. Business plans and strategies are useless unless they are executed. The realization of the company's goals is almost fully dependent on the execution of its plans. However, it should also be noted that execution in business is often tedious and complicated. For one, the plans being executed should always be modified in order to cope with the changes and developments in the environment. Execution is also a matter of coordinating everyone in the company to carry out their specific functions as planned. I would also like to stress that execution is only as good as the plan and strategy created. Even if the firm has been very good in putting its plan into action if the plan is not efficient, it will still be far from realizing its goals and objectives.

Computer & Engineering Essay Example for Free

Computer Engineering Essay How Individual information systems can improve personal productivity ( My Own Practice) Reading, writing, arithmetic, speaking, and listening are all considered basic skills. These skills are useful over a wide range of problems that people encounter. Now use of computer-based personal productivity tools is emerging as a new standard in education. My own skills improved and still growing with that strange hit and pick the keys of keyboard and the big different way to writing and do our thing without pencil or pen if I wont to draw my sketch ( Because I’m production engineer and how can make a report or set workers as list to describe the way to product. But I wont to set specific way and the main benefits from changing from pen to computer hit at key and I think it is the time for future systematic way to discuss our self by computerize way or systematic by set points and discuss productivity tools : My Process Writing: Many of the fundamental ideas regarding personal productivity tools can be illustrated using a word processor. It is likely that I have used a word processor; thus, a number of the ideas given here will be familiar with me. To begin, you know that there is a considerable difference between being able to use a writing toolbe it pencil and paper or a word processorand being able to write [[effectively]]. The tool, by itself, does not make you into a writer. Writing is a process designed to produce a document that communicates a message. Typically, the production of a written product goes through several steps that, collectively, are known as process writing. 1. Conception of ideas and development of these ideas. This may involve brainstorming, doodling, making brief notes, and a lot of thinking. 2. Development of an initial draft. This involves getting the conceptualized ideas into words. 3. Obtaining and making use of feedback. Feedback from oneself and others is used to produce revised versions of the initial draft. Often this involves repeated cycling back to step 1 and/or 2. 4. Polishing the final draft for publication. This includes final cleanup on spelling and grammar. Nowadays, it often includes formatting the materials in a professional manner using desktop publishing techniques. Computers can play an important role in each of these four steps of process writing. While the first step may be primarily mental, there are a variety of pieces of software designed to aid in jotting down ideas and organizing these ideas. [[See specifically, software designed to aid in cognitive mapping or concept mapping.]] In addition, most modern word processors include an outliner. This makes it easy to get rough draft ideas into the machine and to reorganize them as needed. Revision is an important idea in problem solving as well. There are many problem-solving situations in which one can develop a proposed solution and then get feedback from oneself and others on the quality of the proposed solution. The feedback is then used in doing revisions to the proposed solution. The feedback and revision cycle continues until a satisfactory solution is obtained. Desktop publishing has become a major industry. All word-processing software contains provisions for producing a final document that is nicely laid out. Professionallevel desktop-publishing software contains a wide range of aids to produce professionallooking final products. Such documents often make use of graphics and color. They may be laid out in columns, make use of a range of type styles and sizes, and be designed to help convey their messages. A person can learn to keyboard in a hunt-and-peck mode with just a minute or so of instruction. Young children can learn such keyboarding more easily than they can learn to form letters using pencil and paper. Similarly, it takes only a few minutes of instruction to learn how to use a word processor in a hunt-and-peck mode. However, this low level of word-processor use is only a modest aid to productivity in writing. It is too slow and it does not take advantage of the powerful writing aids that are built into a modern word processor. Four things for a word processor to be a useful personal process writing aid: 1. Keyboarding skills. You need not be a touch typist, even though it is helpful. Many professional writers are not touch typists. They look at the keyboard and they use only a couple of fingers from each hand as they keyboard. However, they know where the keys are and they have considerable speed. The skills that they have developed are adequate to fit their needs. And I am good now at that speed to make the typing more easily. 2. Word-processing skills. For example, how do you do a cut and paste? How do you do a search and replace? How do you use a spell checker and a thesaurus? How do you create tables, alphabetize a list, or automate the production of an index and table of contents? The manual for a modern word processor may be many hundreds of pages in length. 3. Word processor-assisted writing skills. In essence, paper and pencil provide a linear writing environment where it is difficult to correct errors and even more difficult to make significant overall revisions to a document. Interchanging the order of two paragraphs requires recopying an entire page or more. The word- processing environment is different. It takes a lot of training and experience to unlearn some of the linear and restrictive writing habits that are required when working with pencil and paper, and to learn to take advantage of the power of a word processor. 4. Desktop publication knowledge and skills. Before the development of desktop publication, many people made a living in the design, layout, and typesetting of print materials. Both design and typesetting were skilled professions. Now, desktop publication tools have made the writer more and more responsible for design and typesetting. Generic Computer Productivity Tools We use the term generic tool to describe a software tool that is applicable over a wide range of different disciplines. The word processor and desktop-publishing tools discussed in the previous section are examples of generic tools. To make effective use of a generic tool, you need to know both the tool and the domain of application. You already have a reasonable level of expertise in many different domains. Thus, as you learn to use one of these generic tools, you will find that it is relatively easy to apply the tool to your areas of expertise. There are many software tools that might be considered generic. The following list has been arranged in alphabetical order and I am doing my work with that software tool because my work depend on it . Computer-assisted design (CAD). Notice how this computer application relates to spatial intelligence in the Howard Gardner list of multiple intelligences. CAD software is used to do architectural and engineering drawings of products that are to be constructed. A CAD system can be used in the design of all sorts of products. Such software is used in place of the ruler, compass, protractor, and other tools formerly used by the draftsperson. Database. A database is an organized collection of information, often specific to one particular topic. A telephone book is a database of names, addresses, and telephone numbers. A computerized database is much easier to edit (add entries, make corrections, delete entries) than a printed database. A computerized database is designed to make it easy to locate needed information. It is also designed to make it easy to sort information into a desired format or to prepare reports based on parts of the information. ï‚ · Desktop presentation (to university oral presentations). The overhead projector, filmstrip projector, movie projector, [[slide projector,]] tape recorder, and video projector have gradually merged into a computer-based system. Material to be presented is stored on computer disk in digital form and edited using the computer. The presenter then uses the desktop-presentation system interactively when making the oral presentation. Desktop publication. A computer system is used to store, edit, design, and lay out the materials that are to be published in printed form. Output may be to a printer, to film used to make plates to go on a printing press, or directly to a printing press. Graphics (paint and draw programs). A paint program has some of the characteristics of a set of painting tools, while a draw program has some of the characteristics of a set of drawing tools. Taken together, these tools can be used to accomplish a wide range of graphic artist tasks. The graphics that are produced can be used in a word-processing document, in desktop presentation, or in other types of computer applications. Graphing (for graphing data and functions). Numerical data is easily converted to a wide range of different types of graphs, such as bar graph, line graph, pie chart, and so on. Mathematical functions can be represented graphically. For example, a three-dimensional mathematical surface can be represented on the computer screen and then rotated to allow viewing from different perspectives. A lot of our project with university topics we do it by graphing. Groupware. This software combines telecommunications with personal productivity tools. It is designed to facilitate a group of people from different locations in working jointly, both simultaneously and individually, on a computer-based project. Increasingly, groupware will include provisions for the users to talk to each other and see each other as they work together. Hypermedia. A hypermedia document is designed to be used [[read]] interactively by a computer user. It may combine text, sound, graphics, color, and video in a nonlinear fashion. The nonlinearity and interactivity mean that reading a hypermedia document requires the use of a computer. Increasingly, our educational system is working to have students become reading and writing hypermedia literate. Math systems. There are a number of comprehensive software packages that can solve a huge range of math problems. Such software can solve the types of problems that students struggle over in algebra, calculus, and other math courses. The use of such software in these courses leads to a drastic change in the nature of the courses. And, of course, it leads to a drastic change in the ability of students to actually solve the types of problems they are studying in the courses. Spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is designed to aid in doing bookkeeping, accounting, and modeling of business problems. It can also be used in other computational situations in which one works with a table of numbers and form ulas. A key feature is that the computer system can automatically rework all of the computations represented in the table whenever you make a change to any of the numbers or formulas. Telecommunications [(for communication among people, information, and machines)]]. Telecommunications is the electronic link between people, computers, and other machines. This may be via a local area network, perhaps just connecting people, computers, and machines that are all in one building. It may also be a worldwide connection, using local and long distance telephone lines, satellites, microwave systems, and fiber optics. Intelligent, digital connectivity is having a major impact on the societies and people of our planet. Word processor. A word processor is software designed to aid in writing. A modern word processor contains a number of features, such as a spell checker, thesaurus, graphics, and graphing, that may be of use to a writer. There is no clear dividing line between a word processor and desktop-publishing software. Although a generic computer-based personal productivity tool can be used in many different disciplines, each tool is oriented towards representing and solving certain somewhat specific types of problems. With me all that thing above change my way to solving problems and I try to make it more easily for me and update my experiences with the latest version of that software or methods .

Alvaro Siza Architecture Style

Alvaro Siza Architecture Style In this essay, I will be looking thoroughly into Alvaro Sizas projects, who became a well know Modernist architect during the 20th century in Europe. I will be discussing the range of influences that Alvaro Siza had studied and how they had influenced his projects. I will also complement this with a reflection on how Alvaro Sizas work engages with the surrounding. Alvaro Siza, was a Portuguese born architect, who is considered one of Portugals greatest modernist architects. His works are internationally known for their clarity and simplism, as Oriol Bohigas stated, Sizas work is always based on unity of space and volume an absolute coherence of function and form. Alvaro Siza is known for his wide range of influences of Modernist architecture, during Alvaro Sizas studies, he travelled around the world to study the Modern Architecture of the early generation which include Le Corbusier who at the time was one of the most successful Modernist architects, Alvar Alto, Adolf Loos and the Brazilians were also major influences. Alvaro Siza thoroughly studied the wide range of materials that the architects had used and studied the various forms and structures which later influenced his own projects. Although Siza has no particular style, his works are visually beautiful. His designs are all very different, as they all come from the site they are situate d in which ensures a very distinctive style each time. In many of Alvaro Siza projects, you can see the connection between Siza and Alvar Aalto which was also a successful Finnish Modernist architect. Alvar Aalto and Alvaro Siza both link their projects with the nature and in some sought, harmonize the landscape. They both look for a balanced connection between mans interventions with the existing nature which is what dominates in their design processes and works. Their design processes begin by examining the site which formulate their ideas. Boa Nova Teahouse (Figure 1 2), is one of Sizas earliest projects which was constructed in 1964, sits on the edge of a rocky environment looking out into the Atlantic Sea. The tea house was influenced by Alvar Aaltos project, with its organic form and the strong relationship with the topography of the surroundings. Free and natural way it becomes part of the landscape (Siza, 1964) The Teahouse was widely influenced by Aaltos Villa Mairea (Figure 3) which was constructed in 1940, who also focused on the topography of the nearby forest to determine the design. Siza took major influence from the range of materials that Alvar Aalto used to construct the Villa, concrete that was later painted white is seen in both projects as well as the use of wood in the exterior. When studying both of the projects, you can see the major commonalities throughout the projects and the colours are also very similar. Adolf Loos was also a major influence on Alvaro Siza, Adolf Loos was an Austrian and Czech architect who was widely known in Europe for his many Modern design theories. Most of his projects consist of plain white cube shaped massing houses, with plain white faà §ade with rich materials. Although the exterior is very plain, Loos ensures the interior is the complete opposite and creates elegant marble interiors which is also referenced in Sizas works. One of the projects where it is evident that Siza had taken much influence from Adolf Loos work was the large-scale project, Malagueira housing (Figure 4) which was constructed from 1977-1997 on the outskirts of Evora near Lisbon. The Malaguiera housing are white cube shaped which develop the geometry and repetition of the housing but still obtains a wide range of architectural diversity. They are completely plain and lack decoration of any sort. These characteristics are very common in Adolf Loos Moissi House (Figure 5), constructed in 1922, with the form being a plain white cube shaped house with a very balanced arrangement of the windows and no decorations throughout the building. Another building where there is clear influence of Adolf Loos in Sizas projects, is the Avelino Duarte House, situated in Ovar and completed in 1985. The Duarte House is again, a white cube shaped building, with equally proportioned windows and no other decoration, it is a very simplistic design for the exterior, however the interior is very elegant,  containing marble walls and surfaces. This project was particularly influenced bt Adolf Loos Steiner House, which is also a white exterior with marble interior. Alvaro Siza seeked reference from Le Corbusier who is a Modernist architect of French and Swiss descent who at the time of Sizas studies, was one of the most well-known and successful, early Modernist architect in Europe. Le Corbusier is a rationalist, which means he looks for naturalness through formulating a design theory which leads him to his final ideas. painting, architecture, sculpture are a unique phenomena of plastic nature in the service of poetic research (Corbusier, 1953) Although Siza and Le Corbusier produced their projects in complete different design processes, Siza managed to study Le Corbusiers projects and contextualise them in his own designs. Le Corbusier works mainly with elemental geometric forms and chiefly constructed his buildings using steel and reinforced concrete. In Alvaro Sizas project which is called Iberà ª Camargo (Figure 6 7) situated in Porto Alegre, Brazil and constructed in 2000 is an obvious comparison to Le Corbusier. The building was designe d using geometric triangular shapes and constructed with reinforced white concrete which can be seen on the exterior faà §ade. The Ibere Camargo Gallery is similar to Le Corbusiers Gymnasium in Baghdad (Figure 8) which has a very rich expressiveness of reinforced concrete and geometric shapes seen throughout the entire building. Siza has a very interesting way of designing his projects which ensures he never fails to attract the attention of visitors. The starting point for his design process is found in the site that the project is situated in but this is faced with an a priori theory, the project is emphasised either through thorough examination of the nature surrounding the site, seeking a similar proportion and simplicity of the nature, or it is found in the man-made work that is already in the surrounding. Alvaro Sizas designs complement and enhance the surrounding by the simplicity of the designs, which also contrast with the nature by otherness which is also complemented sometimes in the form of the design through the use of geometric shapes in the plans. Although Siza tries to soften this alterity and contrast between man-made and nature, by adding in plants and trees that grow across the buildings. Overall, Alvaro Siza has a unique and fascinating way of designing architecture. His wide knowledge of Modernist architects made an enormous impact on his designs which could be seen in many projects stated above. His interaction with nature makes his architecture influential and have a clarity to them. References: Castanheira, C (2014). à lvaro Siza; The Function of Beauty. London: Phaidon Press. p150-280. Frampton, K (2000). Alvaro Siza: Complete Works. 3rd ed. London: Phaidon Press. p50-570. Jodido, P (2014). Siza: Complete Works 1952-2013. London: Taschen. p130-340. Sampaio, C. (2015). Alvar Aalto and à lvaro Siza. The Link between Architecture and Nature in the Construction of Place. 1 (3), 14. Siza, A (2007). ÃÆ'lvaro Siza. Japan: TOTO Shuppan. p230-270.

The Erotic in Joyces A Painful Case Essay -- Painful

The Erotic in Joyce's A Painful Case      Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters whom inhabit Joyce's world in "Dubliners," often have, as Harvard Literature Professor Fischer stated in lecture, a "limited way" of thinking about and understanding themselves and the world around them. Such "determinism," however, operates not on a broad cultural scale, but works in smaller, more local, more interior and more idiosyncratic ways. That is, the forces which govern Joyce's characters are not necessarily cultural or socioeconomic in nature, but rather, as Prof. Fischer stated, are "tiny," and work on a more intimate level. In any case, as a result of such "forces", these stories often tend to be about something, as Prof. Fischer said, that doesn't happen, about the "romance of yearning and self-disappointment." Joyce's story "A Painful Case" is a perfect example of a story about something that doesn't happen, and more specifically, about "the romance of yearning." It is through such yearning, however, and the various "erotic" for ms that such yearning takes, that Joyce's characters are able to transcend the "forces" which govern their lives. In "A Painful Case" the erotic takes on three separate forms: mental, physical, and what I call, "auditory." Although all three play a role in the story, it is only through "auditory" eroticism that Joyce's protagonist, Mr. Duffy, comes to experience a moment of "self-transcendence."    While "auditory" eroticism may serve, in the end, as the conduit for Duffy's self-transformation, initially it is "mental" eroticism that brings together Mr. Duffy and Mrs. Sinico. Joyce writes, "Little by little he (Duffy) entangled his thoughts with hers. He lent her books, provided her with ideas, shared... ...llowed to shine in full poetic fervor and "reality," although Joyce attempts to escape it, seeps back in through his words and metaphors.    Works Cited and Consulted Bidwell, Bruce and Linda Heffer. The Joycean Way: A Topographic Guide to Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Johns Hopkins: Baltimore, 1981. Gifford, Don. Joyce Annotated: Notes for Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. University of California: Berkeley, 1982. Joyce, James. Dubliners. Penguin Books: New York, 1975. Peake, C.H. James Joyce: The Citizen and the Artist. Stanford University: Stanford, 1977. Tindall, William York. A Reader's Guide to James Joyce. Noonday Press: New York, 1959. Walzl, Florence L. "Dubliners." A Companion Study to James Joyce. Ed. Zack Bowen and James F. Carens. Greenwood Press: London, 1984   

Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein Essay

In Chapter 5, Frankenstein brings the monster to life. Shelly uses a typical gothic method of mimicking Frankenstein’s disgust for the creature with weather, â€Å"the dreary night of November. † Frankenstein is appalled at his creation despite that the monster’s â€Å"limbs were in proportion† and he â€Å"had selected his features as beautiful†. Frankenstein then describes the creature in such a way that the reader learns that although Frankenstein attempted to create beauty but is faced with the disgusting looks of the creature. â€Å"†¦ his hair was of lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his†¦ shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. † Shelly uses an ironic contrast of life and death in describing the monster, using elements like â€Å"yellow skin† which is relevant to a new – born baby with jaundice and â€Å"straight black lips†, which is relevant to a dead body. She also uses descriptions like â€Å"shrivelled complexion† which is relevant to both a baby and a corpse. The creature also reacts to life as a new – born baby does. â€Å"It breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. This contrast is effective in showing the reader the irony in the fact that new life is given to parts of the dead. Shelly effectively describes the creature with enough detail to allow the reader to interpret the creature’s appearance individually and also empathise with Frankenstein. Frankenstein has been disillusioned whilst creating the monster, but when it becomes alive, he is faced with its ugliness and abandons him. This is not an example of unconditional love and links in with Elizabeth’s arrival into the Frankenstein family. â€Å"Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be more hideous as that wretch. † The memory of the shock of the monster’s looks is very powerful to Frankenstein and Shelly portrays this by using words like â€Å"Oh! † when Frankenstein is telling Walton his story. Frankenstein has a dream after creating his monster in which, as he kisses Elizabeth, she turns into the corpse of his dead mother. â€Å"I embraced her, but as I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death. I thought I held the corpse of my dead mother†. This dream shows that Frankenstein has subconscious fears of harm coming to his family, which does actually happen later on in the novel. The dream is an effective example of foreshadowing, another typical gothic technique effectively used by Shelly. The reader could also interpret that the dream foreshadows Frankenstein’s fears of creating the monster a â€Å"wife†. It presents the idea that although Frankenstein first thinks that building a companion for the monster will keep his family safe, the consequences could be much worse if he does as it is possible that the creatures will breed. The monster is not reunited with its creator until several months later, where he tells Frankenstein of the hardships of life he has endured as an abandoned and disfigured child. â€Å"Father† and â€Å"son† meet in the mountains; this location could be interpreted as an effort by Shelley to use the mountains symbolically, showing Frankenstein’s guilt for abandoning his â€Å"child† or as the towering glaciers threatening Frankenstein; telling him that nature is not to be toyed with by man. The creature learns that humans should have families by reading a book that he finds whilst living near the French family he grows to love. He meets a blind man from the family who treats him with kindness, but when the rest of the family see him, they drive him from their cottage with stones. This teaches the monster that people hate him for his ugliness and therefore develops a hatred for his creator for making him so ugly. Upon meeting Frankenstein, the creature makes a direct relationship between the bad parenting and upbringing he endures with his own desire to harm others when he claims â€Å"misery made me a fiend. † Shelley uses this line as a blatant point that bad parenting will result in evil.

Balingasag Memory Square †Point of Sales System Essay

1.1 Background and Rationale of the study Memory Square is one of the attractive places in Balingasag Misamis Oriental. It is located at Barangay 6 near seaport between Provincial Hospital and basketball court. Memory Square is a fast food chain, where the students, teachers, families, friends, tourists, personnel’s in LGU or the Local Government Unit officials ,Balingasag Provincial Hospital personnel and for all the people coming from Balingasag seaport who buy snacks, foods and drinks. The owner of the Memory Square is Ms. Evelyn Albor. Memory Square was build on 2011. Ms. Evelyn Albor is the one who manage the money and running the business. The personnel that work in the fast food are the one who gives the ordered products to the customers and who buy products for the stock and manage the business when the owner is not around. The process of  the running business is complicated because the products are not recorded. The owner is not usually recording all the sales, all products that has been bought by the costu mer is not recorded. Only the credits, expenses and the daily sales are recorded manually. Because of lacking data and database the Owner cannot see the exact total income of the BMS. Inventory is basically the total amount of goods that are stock and stored. It is a system that maintains the information about the activities within the firms that ensure the delivery of products to customers. The subsystems that perform these functions include sales, manufacturing, warehousing, ordering and receiving. In this way it is possible to keep a record of all files. Since manual inventory consumes a lot of time it would be helpful to build a system that can less the cost with the stated problems, the researchers will develop, design and implement a system called Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System (BMS POS system). BMS – POS system is where a retail transaction completed. It is the point of sales which a customer makes a payment in exchange for goods or services. At the point of sales it will calculate the owed by the customer and provide options for the customer to make payment. As part of it services, researchers implement a system that is designed to provide capabilities for storing, searching, updating, adding, deleting and editing the files of products or data. One of the important of BMS POS system is inventory for the identification in receiving and selling inventory items. Determine when to record low stock items or to record the sale of specific items. BMS POS system can also monitor the cost of goods sold, purchase price and sale price. All of the deliveries are recorded and listed from this system. There is a separation for the record of all goods. Expenses will be subtracted to the gross income and the result will be the net income with the use of this study. Balingasag Memory Square is using manual process of recording data of products but not all files of goods is recorded for many years it must be performing more efforts in maintaining a fast, efficient and reliable service. It is indeed a need for Balingasag Memory Square to computerize its old way of keeping or storing of files in order to update, edit, delete, and search and so with the personnel. The importance of this research is to  help the business to lessen their work in keeping files manually. Through this, the study will offer a fast and more efficient service to the community especially in retrieving important information for future use. This system helps to minimize the time and efforts consumed by using manual system. Using computerized point of sale with inventory will give benefits to the business and to the customers. It can be help to simplify the process of storing and managing the files in need for future use and make finding files easier than the manual process. It is used to keep orders and also provides details of when inventory needs to be used. 1.2 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of the study A conceptual and theoretical framework is very useful in a research it is used to outline possible processes. It illustrates the different processes of the system. All the processes are being organized. It is a basic approach to understand the processes of the system. This framework illustrates the Input – Process – Output concept in which the researchers use as a guidelines to establish a POS system for Balingasag Memory Square. BMS POS system has two main parts the cashiering and the inventory. The researchers separate cashiering and inventory in its conceptual and theoretical framework for its different process. The growing popularity of computers called for a shift in thinking. During the late 1970s, social presence and media richness theory were found to be inadequate at describing computer-based meetings. In response to the changing landscape of organizations driven by computer systems, Input-Process-Output (IPO) Theory was proposed. An IPO theory state that the o utcome of a meeting depends on the process that occurs during the meeting, which is in turn dependent on what is put into the meeting. An IPO chart demonstrates how resources put into the system (inputs) undergo a change (process) to produce results (outputs). Figure 1.1 – Cashiering theoretical and conceptual framework Figure 1.2.1 illustrates the theoretical and conceptual framework of cashiering. First, the customer will asked for a product to the one who’s in charge in the Memory Square. The person in charge will check if the product is available or not available, then if the product exists the personnel will give it into  the customer and if it’s not the in charge will deny the request. Receipt will be given after the transaction is done. The product being bought will be added to the sales of the day. Figure 1.2.1 illustrates the theoretical framework of cashiering. First, the customer will asked for a product to the one who’s in charge in the Memory Square. The person in charge will check if the product is available or not available, then if the product exists the personnel will give it into the customer and if it’s not the in charge will deny the request. Receipt will be given after the transacti on is done. The product being bought will be added to the sales of the day. Figure 1.2 – Inventory theoretical and conceptual framework Figure 1.2.2 illustrates the theoretical and conceptual framework of inventory. Products information will be inputted and process to store in database. All the information is categorized. Then finally, all the products will be store in database. 1.3 Objectives of the Study General Objectives: The main objective of this study is to develop, design and implement a system that enhance the transaction and inventory process of Balingasag Memory Square. The BMS – Point of Sales System will assure that every transaction is accurate and stocks are always monitored. Specific Objectives: To conduct an interview and gather all information needed from the Balingasag Memory square in charge. To analyze all the information that the researchers get from the Owner of the Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System. To design data flow, context diagram and create a database that would serve as a guide in realizing the desired output of the study. To design Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System. To develop the code of the Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System. To test and debug the Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System. To implement the Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System. 1.4 Significance of Study OWNER The flow of the deliveries before is not recorded by the owner but the owner knows that she gets a gain in the business. Sales are recorded manually with the owner and it takes her so much time just to record. With the help of this study it will be easier and faster to record sales. The features of the system are; the owner easily can add products in the system, she can add expenses but it will automatically deducted in the income and she can also add credits of the consumer. The owner can also view all the sales in daily, weekly, monthly and yearly. The system can also print the sales of the said store and can print receipt if the consumer wants. So, there will be no more papers and ball pen to be used for recording data’s. This is an advantage of the owner so that she will not suffer any more from losing files and no more hard time in retrieving of files manually. CUSTOMER Customer is one of the beneficiaries of this study. Transaction will be much faster than before because of the system automatically calculating of the items in the bill. One of the features of the BMS POS system is printing out of receipts. If the customer asks for a receipt in the personnel, he/she just press the print key in the system then the system will automatically print out all the list of items that they bought in the Balingasag Memory square. And also, if the consumer doesn’t have money to pay and ask for a debt, the system can put all the items that the costumer buy in debts. Customer’s debts are recorded and listed in the database with the use of the BMS POS system it’s easier to find files of their debts. FUTURE RESEARCHERS Through the help of the study our future researchers will not find it difficult to develop a new Balingasag Memory Square Point of Sales System, since this research would somehow help them on how to make a point of sales system and that what are the things needed to and what are they going to do. With this guide, the future researchers may develop a more improved and better BALINGASAG MEMORY SQUARE – POINT OF SALES SYSTEM for the coming future. 1.5 Scope and Limitation This Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System aims to computerize the transaction of Balingasag Memory square from its manual process. As the researcher observes nowadays, small and big companies are making their system computerized so that it will help the company in minimizing the time and efforts consumed by using the manual process. Balingasag Memory Square – Point of Sales System. (BMS-POS System) can link automatically with the inventory occurring in the real time when the sales occur. In this way it is possible to keep the record of goods that are coming in and sold out. However, this is appropriate for small business that does not have a lot of stocks. This study gives more efficient management of the inventory and cashiering levels, it also provides a clear view of the inventory movement inside the Balingasag Memory Square. It will improve the employees’ efficiency by automating it routinely and time consuming tasks such as the time spent in manually recording the products. As a result, the time can be used in activities that are more productive. Used to keep track of the customer orders, monitor the products, total the net income every day, listed the expenses, records the credits, provide details of when inventory needs to be restocked and etc. The BMS POS system is exclusively for the Balingasag Memory Square only. A computer desktop base system that can print out weekly, monthly and annual results of sales; it can also produce a bill which contains the list of product being ordered, its quantity and price. It can store data, view data, search data, delete data and update a data in the database. It can be used only by the Balingasag Memory Square Owner and its employee. The BMS-POS system is not an online system and in networking. It is installed only in one computer or a laptop or a net book with OS of Windows 7. 1.6 Definition of Terms BMS-POS Balingasag Memory Square Point of Sales. Bill Contains the list of product, price and quantity being ordered by the customer. POS Point of Sales. Database It is where data are being stored. Goods Food, snack or meal that is bought in the Balingasag Memory Square. GUI Graphical User Interface, it is the visual output of the system. Inventory A complete list of product item and sales. Limitation A limiting product for the Balingasag Memory square. OS Operating System Products These are sold from the Balingasag Memory square. Rationale A purpose for this study. Record A list for the products, credits and etc. that are belong to this study. Scope The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant. Theoretical A theoretical concept of the study Transaction An instance of buying or selling something; a business deal. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES OF BMS – POS SYSTEM This chapter deals with the different literature and studies base on different sources such as books magazine, newspapers and Internet. The related literature is written based on the needed information related to the system to provide the better understanding how Facility Inventory System works and give a brief theoretical background. Through this, the user would somehow understand the functionality of the system clearly and comprehensively. Balingasag Memory Square Point of Sales System is an essential kind of system that can manage to allow the user and staff to do their job effectively. All the total credits are listed and all of the expenses are also listed in the database. Inventory is basically the total amount of goods that are stock and stored; it is a system that maintains the information about the activities within the firms that ensure the delivery of products to customers. The subsystems that perform these functions include sales, manufacturing, warehousing, ordering and receiving. In this way it is possible to keep a record of all files. As a part of services, this system is to design to provide capabilities for storing searching updating the all files of goods or products, adding a data, delete and edit. One of the important of POS system is inventory system for the identification in receiving and selling inventory items. Determine when to record low stock items or to record the sale of specific items. POS can also monitor the cost of sold goods, price purchase and sale price. All of the deliveries are recorded and listed from this system. There will be a separation for the record of all products. It can help to record securely all the sales and customer’s orders, track products which are poor on business’ sales and manage inventory. This system is a desktop based system in which could only use or accessed by two people which is the admin and cashier. To access the system, the user or staff must enter his/her username and password for the verification. Non-personnel are not authorized to access the sys tem. The researchers ordered to secure all the significant information that the database contained. Foreign Related Studies MICROS RES: Back-Office, Guest Services, & Restaurant POS Software MICROS RES is a complete restaurant POS software solution that adapts to the way you run your business, with tools for the back-office, restaurant operations, and guest services. This fully-integrated restaurant point-of-sale system is both powerful and flexible and helps operations within your property flow more cohesively, efficiently, and profitably. The MICROS RES point-of-sale system offers restaurants multiple solutions that are designed specifically for table and quick service operations. This comprehensive restaurant point-of-sale system also allows restaurants monitor inventory levels, streamline ordering and receiving processes, enhance the profitability of your operation with customizable reporting and analysis tools, compare operational conditions against established standards, and implement gift card and loyalty programs for guests. For owners of multiple restaurant locations, this restaurant POS software offers enterprise management. MICROS RES provides end-to-end communications throughout your operation to increase efficiency and speed service. The end result of the MICROS RES restaurant point-of-sale system is to increase customer satisfaction, maximizing their experiences at your restaurant. The similarities of MICROS RES to BMS POS system is friendly user and both system are powerful. The advantage of BMS – POS system is that, it is not a system for restaurant. The in-charge can add and view all the expenditures and can manage credits of the costumers. Source: MICROS Systems, Inc., (2003) Bar & Nightclub Point of Sale | Best Prices on Bar POS Software Cafe Cartel has been providing software. We are a software company dedicated. We have a wide range of options such as software solutions, hardware solutions, and service packages. It was like many bars, collecting hand written tabs, keeping track of orders by bartender memory, and using multiple cashiers with the same access codes for the registers. Their credit card system kept customer’s cards on hold. No real point of sale to track drink type sales, cashiers that took the orders or cocktail waitress that took orders. The functions of the system included the following: Open Tabs Management Tools Pre-Auth/ Duplicate Charge Notification Happy Hours Pricing Tools We have inclusive and exclusive tax options 3rd party liquor inventory integration such as Berg Comprehensive User-friendly Interface Easy to Setup and Use Menu Price Change and Discount Auditing Tools The similarities of this study to BMS POS system is easy to use and user friendly because all the functions are showed in the Graphical User Interface (GUI). The advantage of this system is that the BMS – POS system can add other products; the user can view all the expenses and can add credits of the costumer. Source:  ©Carlnicks. (2005) Local Related Studies Point of Sales and Inventory System In this study conducted by Ariel Magat (2002), he stated that the Inventory System of the vital to any institution, agency, or department. The proper safekeeping, processing and disposal of records play important roles in the efficient, effective and smooth operation that eventually would lead to the success attainment of the goal and objectives of institution, agency and department concerned. Based on her recommendation there should be a central record management office that will hold data of the agency to serve as locator of the record and to control the disposal of each record. This can be possible through the use of computerized system. Computer with the appropriate software package is capable of handling records efficiently and effectively. And locating records that are computerized is faster than finding them in the filling cabinet. This is Point of Sales and Inventory System developed in vb6.0. Here the purchase and sales records are entered in the software. If the customers purchase few things, the user will enter those things name and the bill is generated automatically, admin can view the transaction of selected date using search option. All types of options are entered in this software. There will be 2 types of users one is admin and other one is employee. Both have different rights. Admin can give any type of rights to the user. This software is error free. Anyone can use this software. The similarities of BMS – POS system to this study is that it can record the sales of products and the admin can view all the transaction. The advantage of BMS – POS system to this study is that it developed in vb.net.  The BMS – POS can generate bill to the customers who buy products. And the BMS – POS system can only be use by the in charge and the employee. Source: Ariel Magat (2002) SBSCC Stockist basic The right inventory software can provide major time saving benefits. Free up your human resources for more profitable tasks by automating your inventory tracking. Choosing the appropriate software for your business can even help you eliminate time consuming manual processes by alerting you to which items need to be re-ordered and when. SBSCC Stockiest Basic POS – inventory software takes the guesswork out of keeping appropriate stock levels and costing. It also allows you to efficiently gather key information needed to make informed and insightful decisions. SBSCC Stockiest Basic POS business operational software specifically designed for small business owners to manage their inventory more efficiently. Now small business owners can take absolute control of their inventory/stock, purchases, sales, point of sales and returns. SBSCC Stockiest Basic POS Edition Features: Easy to use and flexible Specifically designed for small business owners. Complete inventory/stock management. Manage purchases and goods received note Manage point of sales. Print invoices, sales receipts and purchase orders. Manage customer/supplier returns Manage customer/supplier/employee contact list. Manage routine order processing and re-order level. The similarities of BMS – POS system to this study are all features of this study are the same in BMS – POS system. The advantage of BMS – POS system to this study is that it is a friendly user system. And it can manage credit of customers. Source: SBSCC, Inc. (2005)

How do people feel about the changes that have taken place on Portobello road over the last few years?

The changes that have affected Portobello road in the last decade have a had a great impact on the local community along with the future proposals which have been outlined for the area by the council in order to improve the area. For the purpose of the investigation it is useful to understand how the local community view these changes and proposals, and to gain an insight into the conflict that is arousing from the proposed changes and developments. A secondary source presented as an article from the Notting Hill Action Group, which is an organisation campaign involved in fighting local issues. In this article local residents are protesting against the eviction orders that have been served on Elgin books, a bookstore which has been on the road for more than 20 years, one of the reasons for this protest is that the rent has increased so much the bookstore can no longer afford to pay substantial amounts of money on rent. The local residents are also furious about the fact that breaches against planning consent rules i. e. ‘the Fluid juice bar shop front being put up without planning', are allowed to go unchecked by the council, even though actions like these are ‘considered an offence to the streets character'. Although these protests are creating an unhappy atmosphere in and around Portobello road, it is useful to understand why the residents feel what they do, one of the reasons may be down to the fact that residents don't want to ruin Portobello's individual character. However this is very difficult to overcome the conflict between residents and planners because many ‘greedy people in the area are using Notting hill's celebrity as a way of forcing up rents and forcing out businesses, which have been in the area for more than 30 years. An article labelled ‘Planning rage' which is slightly different to the 1st 1 although still sharing the same subject matter of ‘planning orders'. In this article (which is written by NAG) the Unitary development Plan is being criticized by many residents along with the Notting Hill Action Group itself! This is extremely relevant to the investigation because the future proposals stated in question 4 are based on the Unitary Development Plan, therefore it is useful to understand how the residents view these changes. The article starts off with the fact that ‘ owners of small family-run businesses say that they will be squeezed out by the unitary development Plan which is proposing to open the floodgates to huge chain stores. ‘ And it also states that ‘the recent arrival of chain stores such as GAP and Starbucks has fuelled their fears. ‘ It is evident from these 2 lines, that the people of Portobello road ‘don't want the small businesses (which make the area so unique) be swallowed up by chain stores that will make the area look like any where else. Especially a resident in particular called Mr Walton who lives in Arundel Gdns, who says: â€Å"we are concerned that developments should not harm the character of the area. † The council have responded to this argument by saying: â€Å"we're trying to react to what people want, and to do it within the powers we are granted. † It obvious that this is a complicated issue, because there is a balanced argument between both the councillors and the residents, therefore it is difficult to determine who is right in what is being said. Another article displays a variety of articles, one of which is to do with the division between the rich and the poor on Portobello road. This article is stating that there is a ‘widening gap between the rich and the poor in the UK and this is marked in the Notting hill area, which has multi million pound house prices while Goldbourne ward (northern section) is in the fifth poorest ward in inner London. ‘ Therefore many of the residents of the Goldbourne ward have organised a pilgrimage, which is a powerful reminder to everyone to challenge the status quo, and to work energetically for a fairer, more balanced society. Many of the people who are involved in this protest are trying to convince the council to give in to their requirements by organising these sorts of campaigns. However it is not easy for the council to equalise the 2 parts of the road because the census data on page shows that there is a high unemployment and low home ownership rate which means that most of the population live in rented houses, therefore it would take the council a long time to match up to the employment and home ownership rates which are 3 times higher in the Pembridge ward. Although the newspaper article is outlining resident views, it is still a secondary resource and so its reliability could be questioned, we cannot be sure that there is a division between the rich and the poor in the 2 wards, as the article is written by a person who may well be biased. However the primary data in the form of a shopping, environmental and residential house surveys show that the Pembridge ward is far better off than the Goldbourne ward in terms of house prices and quality. Even though most people situated in Portobello road such as the residents in the 1st NAG article are criticising the future proposals that have been made by the council (stated in question 4) there are also others who are in favour of these improvements i. e traders. In the article named ‘Portobello 2000' Anne swift is an antiques dealer who talks about the future of Portobello road, and also mentions the importance of ‘Portobello having the opportunity to establish itself as the worlds leading centre for antiques and a leading market for general commodities. Anne sees the ‘over commercialisation' of Portobello road as a good thing as this would encourage trade from tourism, however the people in the ‘planning rage' article see this as gentrification steam roller, and as a threat to small businesses. Therefore this is causing a growing conflict between traders and residents. Anne swift suggest some of her own proposals which are in line with those stated in question 4, she believes that all traders have to offer high quality goods, by displaying better merchandise. She also states that improving the environment will create a more clean and spacious environment for everyone, especially tourists. Lastly she suggests the need for friendly and efficient service in order to satisfy customers. A questionnaire which was conducted on all parts of Portobello road in order to find out information about the residents and tourists who shop there. The results of the questionnaire were then converted in to a graph, which helped to analyse the relationships between the figures. From question 1 on the graph its evident that the majority of people questioned were residents (58%) and the remaining were either tourists or workers (42%). This proves that Portobello road attracts quite a lot of tourists and therefore has a large sphere of influence, as the figures are nearly similar to that of the residents. Out of the 58% of the residents questioned, 33% of them have lived in the area between 11-20 years, which showed that they knew the area well and were aware of the changes that have taken place over the last decade. Many of the residents questioned felt that the area had changed in terms of housing which is now of a better quality and residents, as new people are being attracted to the area everyday. 2% of the residents felt that the changes had made the area better, while 29% of the people felt that the changes were quite good for the area, however there were only 7% of residents who felt that the area had declined. This shows that Portobello road has made a great improvement since the last decade. The remaining results showed that 40%of the people questioned have visited Portobello road more than 10 times mostly for Antiques and general food shopping. Again, this shows that tourism is an important factor, which affects Portobello road everyday and has maximised its function.

Jean Piaget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jean Piaget - Essay Example The main role in the process of cognition belongs to mental abilities of person: infants are born with certain schemes operating at birth (reflexes), but while in animals these schemes control behavior throughout life human beings use them to adapt to the environment and develop their cognitive abilities. Piaget identifies four periods of cognitive development: sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete-operational, and formal-operational. Each of these periods is associated with mastering certain skills and abilities such as use of symbols, abstract thinking, etc: Pre-operational stage (toddler and early childhood): intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols, improvements in the use of language, development of memory and imagination. However, thinking remains illogical and nonreversible; egocentric thinking dominates during this stage; Concrete operational stage (elementary and early adolescence): intelligence is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Operational thinking develops (mental actions that are reversible) while egocentric thinking diminishes. Formal operational stage (adolescence and adulthood): intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts.

Skills Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Skills Overview - Essay Example Now, I am already oriented about how business and its environment works albeit I still have to learn about it compared before where I did not even have a clue how business makes money. I could say that I improved my cognitive skills because I now have a grasp about complex theories which I used to find very difficult before. Also, I used to struggle finishing to read a book but now I am already used to reading a whole book completely owing to my improved cognitive skills. Analytical/critical/judgement skills thinking skills I believe that the University stresses this more compared in high school. When I entered the university, I only have the skills taught to me back in high school and never questioned if these concepts were valid. In the university, the teachers always encourage us to think analytically/critically to anything that that we learn. We were even ask to challenge the theories that are being discussed and is always ask what we think about our lessons. In the process, I le arn how to evaluate the lessons taught and compare it with other things that I learned so that I can develop my own insight about it. I carried this mindset in other dimension of my life such as evaluating the things that I encounter. For example, I no longer take news as they are or the opinions of the celebrity which I used to readily believe. I now examine their authenticity by checking their facts and cross checking it with the opinions of the experts. This is an exercise that we always do in the university which is why it is now part of my system. Writing Skills In business and in almost all of our class, we are required to write in a scholarly manner and I have to admit that I still have a lot to learn despite my improvement since I got into the university. There are a lot of ways on how to present ideas and I must say that I am still in the process of learning how to write better. My personal Development Plan Learning never stops and we should always learn new things for us t o continue to grow especially in today’s fast changing world. In my line of chosen career which is business, there are skills that I bear in mind that I need to develop so that I could achieve my goal when I have graduated the university and formally start my chosen career. These skills are; Communication skills In business, it is necessary for us to communicate effectively be it to our superiors, peers, customers or outside agencies and it is usually done in writing. These communications are not only letters but presentations, reports; needless to say, I have to be good in expressing myself both orally and in written language. Business entails presentations and to talking to people so I have to be good in oral communication. But this is not sufficient, I also need to make reports and written communication so I really have to be good in business writing as well. My plan in improving my communication skills both orally and in written language is to constantly practice. Communi cation skills is no different from other skill based activities like sport or playing musical instrument, we have to practice to improve. With regard to communication skills, I do dry runs before making a presentation several times so that I would be more effective with my presentation. With regard to my writing skills, I am more systemic in my approach because writing is quite a challenge. I first do idea mapping, then make an